Combining sense of place theory with the ecosystem services concept: empirical insights and reflections from a participatory mapping study

Abstract Context River landscapes represent hotspots for biodiversity and ecosystem services used embraced by human agents. Changes in river are subjectively perceived people can be assessed through the lenses of cultural (CES) sense place (SOP). Objectives This study aims to assess people–place relationships a landscape integrating SOP theory CES concept critically reflecting on their interplay. Research objectives relate meanings attachments attributed citizens places influence physical environment socioeconomic settings. Methods We employed spatially meaningful indicator public participation GIS survey, combining elucidated free listing exercise multiple-choice questions. Statistical analyses were investigate between meanings, attachment, environmental social variables. Results The results showed that (1) meaning assessments complement attachment data enhancing understanding biophysical variables, (2) combinations both assessment approaches CESs reflected many listed types, dominantly related forms or practices, but neglect relational values, such as “Heimat” (i.e., German expression long-standing connection an area) memories. Conclusions paper explicates synergies concept. research offers insights from spatial assessments, while provides theoretical depth regarding values linked CES. reflects ostensible consent proposes considering overarching assessment.